1995b;209:227233
However, previous reviews emphasize common mechanistic pathways such as inflammation and oxidative stress while emerging pathways particularly autophagy-related signaling are under explored
Together, these three compounds cover angiogenesis, structural repair, and cytoprotection across multiple tissue types
For example, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) promote fibroblast activation, collagen synthesis, and vascularization 3 , while antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) contribute to infection control and immune modulation at wound sites 21 , 22
10.3390/ijms22157765 Int J Mol Sci
Pregnancy: The dramatic hormonal changes during pregnancy, particularly the surge in progesterone and increased blood volume, can trigger palpitations